Jelaskan minimal 5 lima baris tentang ram random access memory dan rom read only memory

Bagian bagian dari system mikroprosesor 1. Unit mikroprosesor (CPU) merupakan komponen utama dalam system mikroprosesor. CPU bekerja sebagai unit pusat pengolahan dalam mikroprosesor. CPU tersusun dari:  Control Unit merupakan kendali dari mikroprosesor terhadap komponen luar dan I/O.  Arithmetic Logic Unit merupakan bagian yang berfungsi melakukan operasi aritmatika dan logika.  Register Unit merupakan tempat menyimpan sementara dalam bekerja 2. Read only memory (ROM) merupakan memori program yang hanya dapat dibaca dan bersifat permanen. 3. Random access memory (RAM) berfungsi menyimpan berbagai data dan instruksi program bersifat sementara, isi RAM diakses secara random atau tidak mangacu pada pengaturan letak data.

4. Unit Input/Output(I/O)

System bus Sebuah bus biasanya terdiri atas beberapa saluran. Sebagai contoh bus data terdiri atas 8 saluran sehingga dalam satu waktu dapat mentransfer data 8 bit. Secara umum fungsi

saluran busdikatagorikan dalam tiga bagian, yaitu :

 Saluran data (bus data)  Saluran alamat (bus alamat)

 Saluran control (bus control)

1. Saluran Data (data bus) Lintasan bagi perpindahan data antar modul. Secara kolektif lintasan ini disebut bus data. Umumnya jumlah saluran terkait dengan panjang word, misalnya 8, 16, 32 saluran. 2. Saluran Alamat (Address Bus) Digunakan untuk menspesifikasi sumber dan tujuan data pada bus data. Digunakan untuk mengirim alamat word pada memori yang akan diakses CPU. Digunakan untuk saluran alamat perangkat modul komputer saat CPU mengakses suatu modul. Semua peralatan yang terhubung dengan sistem komputer, agar dapat diakses harus memiliki alamat. Contoh : mengakses port I/O, maka port I/O harus memiliki alamat hardware-nya 3. Saluran kontrol (Control Bus)

Digunakan untuk mengontrol bus data, bus alamat dan seluruh modul yang ada.

Karena bus data dan bus alamat digunakan oleh semua komponen maka diperlukan suatu mekanisme kerja yang dikontrol melalui bus kontrol ini. Sinyal – sinyal kontrol terdiri atas Sinyal pewaktuan adalah Sinyal pewaktuan menandakan validitas data dan alamat Sinyal–sinyal perintah adalah Sinyal perintah berfungsi membentuk suatu operasi Prinsip Operasi Bus Meminta penggunaan bus.

Apabila telah disetujui, modul akan memindahkan data yang diinginkan ke modul yang dituju

Page ID45636

• 
• Patrick McClanahan
• San Joaquin Delta College

Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory(RAM and ROM) and Secondary memory(hard drive,CD,etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): ("Classification of Computer Memory" by Deepanshi_Mittal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0)

1. Random Access Memory (RAM)

• It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
• The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a program are stored in this memory.
• It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.
• RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\):    Difference between SRAM and DRAM. ("Difference between SRAM and DRAM" by Deepanshi_Mittal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0)

• Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer.
• It is not volatile.
• Always retains its data.
• Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.
• Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
• ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.

Types of Read Only Memory (ROM) –

1. PROM (Programmable read-only memory) – It can be programmed by user. Once programmed, the data and instructions in it cannot be changed.
2. EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory) – It can be reprogrammed. To erase data from it, expose it to ultra violet light. To reprogram it, erase all the previous data.
3. EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory) – The data can be erased by applying electric field, no need of ultra violet light. We can erase only portions of the chip.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\):  ("Difference between RAM and ROM" by Deepanshi_Mittal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0)

Adapted from:
"Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)" by Deepanshi_Mittal, Geeks for Geeks is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

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emory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is of two basic types – Primary memory(RAM and ROM) and Secondary memory (hard drive, CD, etc). Random Access Memory (RAM) is primary-volatile memory and Read-Only Memory (ROM) is primary-non-volatile memory. 

Classification of Computer Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM) – 

• It is also called read-write memory or the main memory or the primary memory.
• The programs and data that the CPU requires during the execution of a program are stored in this memory.
• It is a volatile memory as the data is lost when the power is turned off.
• RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

Difference between SRAM and DRAM

Read-Only Memory (ROM)  

• Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the program essential to boot the computer.
• It is not volatile.
• Always retains its data.
• Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.
• Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
• ROM is further classified into four types- MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. 

Types of Read-Only Memory (ROM) 

• PROM (Programmable read-only memory) – It can be programmed by the user. Once programmed, the data and instructions in it cannot be changed. 
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable read-only memory) – It can be reprogrammed. To erase data from it, expose it to ultraviolet light. To reprogram it, erase all the previous data. 
• EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) – The data can be erased by applying an electric field, with no need for ultraviolet light. We can erase only portions of the chip.
• MROM(Mask ROM) – Mask ROM is a kind of read-only memory, that is masked off at the time of production. Like other types of ROM, mask ROM cannot enable the user to change the data stored in it. If it can, the process would be difficult or slow.

Difference between RAM and ROM

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